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  <front>
    <journal-meta id="journal-meta-52b56d1457804174b982458a7fe45363">
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Sciresol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Sciresol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="journal_submission_guidelines">http://ugit.net/publication_fsjoaj3qdho/geoeye_cm_ts9ypx7s/</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Geo-Eye</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn publication-format="electronic">XXXX-XXXX</issn>
      <issn publication-format="print"/>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta id="article-meta-5dfc10f9a3714c5398ce47ad3613f6d3">
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.53989/bu.ge.v8i1.4</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group>
          <subject>Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title id="article-title-4ccf1314a64a45cbbb6924e4946bba93">
          <bold id="strong-07ff8a8f52fc4cbd97d9fad4da022823">Assessment and management of ambient air quality of </bold>
          <bold id="strong-cdf7f8906fab4857b19530f730615bba">Bengaluru urban Karnataka, India</bold>
        </article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name id="name-e42a28150e6a4f20a43a53b90c79594b">
            <surname>Rannorey</surname>
            <given-names>Raksha Sai</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref id="xref-3bdd233ee77343c58e3900671a243c8d" rid="aff-908d0d24312140a8b55a4f6486ee7fc2" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name id="name-7d87fed33a324f54b404e02b33ad5113">
            <surname>Nandini</surname>
            <given-names>N</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref id="x-037ff69ea6b8" rid="aff-e0cba9e2f9254c6e8038923f9bf06e03" ref-type="aff">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name id="name-007c074adb634a05a1691ef94c7f6005">
            <surname>Shilpashree</surname>
            <given-names>K</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref id="x-54e199166b1d" rid="aff-e0cba9e2f9254c6e8038923f9bf06e03" ref-type="aff">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff-908d0d24312140a8b55a4f6486ee7fc2">
          <institution>JSS Institute of Technology</institution>
          <addr-line>Bangalore, Karnataka</addr-line>
          <country country="IN">India</country>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff-e0cba9e2f9254c6e8038923f9bf06e03">
          <institution>Department of Environmental Science, J B Campus, Bangalore University</institution>
          <addr-line>Bengaluru­, Karnataka, 560056</addr-line>
          <country country="IN">India</country>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <volume>8</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <firstpage>12</firstpage>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-year>2019</copyright-year>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group id="kwd-group-02cfd7f060b94b969dc29a4f32ad385d">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd/>
      </kwd-group>
      <funding-group>
        <funding-statement>None</funding-statement>
      </funding-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec>
      <title id="title-4d69c8d41cd94c229d2279a29b260669">Introduction</title>
      <p id="paragraph-88d9c1996fba46ee957f9e369cde7606">Air pollution is rapidly increasing in metropolitan cities in India. Maintaining good Air quality is becomes the biggest challenge in present era. The presence or absence of various substance and their concentrations are the main determining factors of air quality. Air quality is expressed as a concentration or intensity of contaminants. Pollutants like dust particulate, sulphur dioxide, oxides of carbon, nitrogen etc. are the key indicators of urban air pollution these pollutants when present in large quantities in the atmosphere it diorites the quality of air and pose health problems in human beings. The central and state pollution control boards are constantly monitoring air quality in many identified areas of major cities of India, Air quality monitoring data clearly showed comparatively lower concentration of gaseous pollutants (SO<sub id="s-8d15d21edec5">2</sub>, NOᵪ) and higher concentration of SPM and RPM in the ambient air in the  (Chauhan P., 2015). India need to generate regular information on the ambient concentration levels of small particulates of diameter less than 10 micron and/or 2.5 micron and take urgent steps to control emissions of these particles (Hosamane S. N. and Dr. Desai G. P., 2018) present research work is to constantly monitor ambient air quality in eco sensitive zone of Bangalore which is located Jananabarathi campus, Bangalore University. The ambient air quality is continuously monitored from 2010.  The objective is creating decade data base of ambient air quality and monitor the changes in the ambient air quality.  </p>
    </sec>
    <sec>
      <title id="title-d378e8a21a4c45e788072059be426a99">Methodology</title>
      <p id="paragraph-13ca08cb738448d8a253d074fe619558">The study area is Department Environmental Science Jnana Bharthi Campus of Bangalore University, Bangalore. is located at the latitude of 12.946259 N and longitude of 77.510770 E. Located. It is an isolated serene place with an area of 486 ha and has a diverse habitats consisting of mixed deciduous and non-deciduous trees, shrubs, clumps of bamboos, marshes, check dams mini parks and Bio park that has developed in the campus in the year 2000 and about two lakh saplings of different plants species were planted. The air quality monitoring is carried out by standard method prescribed by CPCB. Yearly 104 days sampling is carried out for Suspended particulate matter, Repairable particulate matter, oxides of Sulphur and oxides of nitrogen in air. To determine concentration of particulate matter gravimetric method is followed and to determine oxide of Sulphur Modified West and Geake Method Sodium-Arsenite method (National ambient air quality monitoring Series: naaqms/ ... /2003-04 )</p>
      <sec>
        <title id="t-7cc3df42d31a">
          <bold id="strong-b81dc00b4c6d4a2291b8613eba608599">Abbreviations and Acronyms</bold>
        </title>
        <p id="paragraph-dcc6a5df88dc4309a33d2b31746b746e">CPCB-Central Pollution control board, SPM-Suspended particulate matter, RSPM- Repairable particulate matter</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title id="t-cf463780d628">
          <bold id="strong-5bdf6218925b4139be61c171afda9044">Equations</bold>
        </title>
        <p id="paragraph-746c96c25912468e9715b61641974f40">
          <bold id="strong-6d1a15ea6ecf4e46ab85bce52df820a5">Calculation of SPM, RSPM SO</bold>
          <bold id="strong-34d3612477984ee3a4797af3cfddcaf7">
            <sub id="subscript-76177dd5714840239289481a96c6b01e">2</sub>
          </bold>
          <bold id="strong-fe808e9085064d8da16189eb288b1748">,NO</bold>
          <bold id="strong-c4d39e7533a346b8b97f46f3babe2937">
            <sub id="subscript-92ea4a850edd4ff9b1afd0902cc5f4b3">2 </sub>
          </bold>
          <bold id="strong-44321acc81b746049f8053f22ec070e8">in Ambient Air</bold>
        </p>
        <disp-formula-group id="disp-formula-group-48054004fe7049c7a89e129c86672143"> <disp-formula><label>1</label><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>S</mml:mi><mml:mi>P</mml:mi><mml:mi>M</mml:mi><mml:mo> </mml:mo><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mo> </mml:mo><mml:mfrac><mml:mrow><mml:mfenced><mml:mrow><mml:mi>W</mml:mi><mml:mi>f</mml:mi><mml:mo> </mml:mo><mml:mo>-</mml:mo><mml:mo> </mml:mo><mml:mi>W</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:mfenced><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mo> </mml:mo><mml:msup><mml:mn>10</mml:mn><mml:mn>6</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:mrow><mml:mi>V</mml:mi></mml:mfrac><mml:mo> </mml:mo><mml:mo> </mml:mo><mml:mo> </mml:mo><mml:mo> </mml:mo><mml:mo> </mml:mo><mml:mo> </mml:mo><mml:mo> </mml:mo><mml:mo> </mml:mo><mml:mo> </mml:mo><mml:mo> </mml:mo><mml:mo> </mml:mo><mml:mo> </mml:mo></mml:math></disp-formula></disp-formula-group>
        <p id="p-3003b697435c"/>
        <p id="paragraph-d5a9d119991f44d49aab998f62019cf1">
          <bold id="strong-f0bf9a9577c9407fa632b0e0b831557d">Where :</bold>
        </p>
        <p id="paragraph-8d9ad95de2f2407db1ebd1effa64e3d1">SPM = Mass concentration of suspended particles in μg/m<sup id="s-d79c2507c27b">3</sup></p>
        <p id="paragraph-3ddf787c4e4f4bcbb0b6440a44578434">W<bold id="strong-a99c82e8e3fc40d7a54fc982b5c93c7a">i</bold><bold id="strong-e5d7f5ceaf2c41489255ec6bc3838030"> </bold>=Initial weight of filter in g.</p>
        <p id="paragraph-9e1d2d89f8b44254a3a155b349453192">W<bold id="strong-0345b941754243209494064b1a5b41cc">f</bold><bold id="strong-6859be4f02284fa0a473326d133a60c7"> </bold>= Final weight of filter in g.</p>
        <p id="paragraph-f56045985cb54838ac32e681b06a0695">V = Volume of air sampled in m<sup id="s-55191e628b11">3</sup></p>
        <p id="paragraph-23021c330321458c923fe09d82fac54d">10<bold id="strong-6a21af26909644b0bc1d57c623e825ab"><sup id="superscript-ba4610326ad948f18a7315c326c2a385">6</sup></bold><bold id="strong-3b7e94051be24623ac645d6ceb3873af"> </bold>= Conversion of g to μg</p>
        <disp-formula-group id="disp-formula-group-695d3cd6d0574385a546fd6ecd7a6f4d"> <disp-formula><label>2</label><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>R</mml:mi><mml:mi>S</mml:mi><mml:mi>P</mml:mi><mml:mi>M</mml:mi><mml:mo> </mml:mo><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mo> </mml:mo><mml:mfrac><mml:mrow><mml:mfenced><mml:mrow><mml:mi>W</mml:mi><mml:mi>f</mml:mi><mml:mo> </mml:mo><mml:mo>-</mml:mo><mml:mo> </mml:mo><mml:mi>W</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:mfenced><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mo> </mml:mo><mml:msup><mml:mn>10</mml:mn><mml:mn>6</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:mrow><mml:mi>V</mml:mi></mml:mfrac></mml:math></disp-formula></disp-formula-group>
        <p id="paragraph-d3c87e00ffef4fa28c4d5bb72fa28ead">
          <bold id="strong-66fdaa5b472a477284aad7849da8a2ed">Where :</bold>
        </p>
        <p id="paragraph-e7e81293d7cd4232b7a9943112440abc">PM10 = Mass concentration of particulate matter less than 10 microndiameter in μg/m<sup id="s-f618e9301d92">3</sup></p>
        <p id="paragraph-78eb3e775d17475ea02b50bddf846557">W<bold id="strong-78407714449847d2b3b5096f2fa763cd">i</bold>= Initial weight of filter in g.</p>
        <p id="paragraph-b5a4780a6de14ebd91a50aa15ed52dbb">W<bold id="strong-73c7008664444a95bfb24a2251f7508a">f</bold><bold id="strong-402d8d79dde34b578c1fbc1785181c13"> </bold>= Final weight of filter in g.</p>
        <p id="paragraph-6fa09ccc27b74c2192fb509f95ee8d41">V = Volume of air sampled in m<sup id="s-ae9458f73e80">3</sup></p>
        <p id="paragraph-6b4a2778f2464519beba0cfc2af980a9">10<bold id="strong-c51fadd26444494ba215b0465ca910a7"><sup id="s-4f3748d8f331">6</sup> </bold>= Conversion of g to μg</p>
        <p id="paragraph-73dd1315be694503b26697d12a3a73ff">
          <bold id="strong-f2646a28a25547129dda7732a0cc53ec">Concentration of SO<sub id="s-ebc787c96a43">2</sub> in </bold>
          <bold id="strong-4c583a6b9d75404684e1f8fdb41f99c7">μg/m<sup id="s-df908193003e">3</sup> in the sample is calculated as follows:</bold>
        </p>
        <disp-formula-group id="disp-formula-group-51c2d5c9274e4b299ae8aceaed6c275d"> <disp-formula><label>3</label><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>C</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mi>S</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mi>O</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mo> </mml:mo><mml:mi>μ</mml:mi><mml:mi>g</mml:mi><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:msup><mml:mi>m</mml:mi><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msup><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:mo> </mml:mo><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mfrac><mml:mrow><mml:mfenced><mml:mrow><mml:mi>A</mml:mi><mml:mo> </mml:mo><mml:mo>-</mml:mo><mml:mo> </mml:mo><mml:mi>A</mml:mi><mml:mi>o</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:mfenced><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mo> </mml:mo><mml:msup><mml:mn>10</mml:mn><mml:mn>6</mml:mn></mml:msup><mml:mo> </mml:mo><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mo> </mml:mo><mml:mi>B</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mi>V</mml:mi></mml:mfrac></mml:math></disp-formula></disp-formula-group>
        <p id="paragraph-0e84a20440624d45a72e2ce94a7e93f3">
          <bold id="strong-13cd41a7723a4725b1fda5e527609e8d">Where :</bold>
        </p>
        <p id="paragraph-34eeb546a85547e0bab5e07e8e8862d1">A - Sample absorbance</p>
        <p id="paragraph-57ac6f3344a24b83b2da3d8dba0ebf11">Ao - Reagent blank absorbance</p>
        <p id="paragraph-0656c59431c34050a7ec0a0875b77439">10<bold id="strong-1023a3adb32f4b2e9dacbbaeab55510a"><sup id="s-2e544f888786">3</sup> </bold>- Conversion litres to cubic meters</p>
        <p id="paragraph-2f1faca0c2154d64a33db10eff667261">B - Calibration factor, μg/absorbance</p>
        <p id="paragraph-3ee0f0240ecb4a71b4153708e05f906d">V - Volume of air sampled in liters</p>
        <disp-formula-group id="disp-formula-group-91258df686da43fca43d7559b24c88cf"> <disp-formula><label>4</label><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>μ</mml:mi><mml:mi>g</mml:mi><mml:mfrac><mml:mrow><mml:mi>N</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mi>O</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mi>m</mml:mi><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:mfrac><mml:mo> </mml:mo><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mo> </mml:mo><mml:mfrac><mml:mrow><mml:mi>μ</mml:mi><mml:mi>g</mml:mi><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mi>N</mml:mi><mml:mi>O</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mo> </mml:mo><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mo> </mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>V</mml:mi><mml:mi>s</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>V</mml:mi><mml:mi>a</mml:mi><mml:mo> </mml:mo><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mo> </mml:mo><mml:mn>0</mml:mn><mml:mo>.</mml:mo><mml:mn>82</mml:mn><mml:mo> </mml:mo><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mo> </mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>V</mml:mi><mml:mi>t</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:mfrac><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mo> </mml:mo><mml:mi>D</mml:mi></mml:math></disp-formula></disp-formula-group>
        <p id="paragraph-c9ece37329c845bf81fbaf7e88d5be16">
          <bold id="strong-9141dfcd20904c91aa51158e4039544f">Where :</bold>
        </p>
        <p id="paragraph-1969391ca40b4bc2bc8a9e9c6a2aa046">μg/NO<bold id="strong-25b3c78f38604b19b15f78e66d6a38c0"><sup id="superscript-1a71539aa25445d2a703ff73a56577a8">-</sup></bold></p>
        <p id="paragraph-ade37046e3e04ba6b768c73440db1f4b"><bold id="strong-cadc75b0b0b64252a3f6e2d57c45a30c">2 </bold>= NO<bold id="strong-31d2d71a691046d69f4ae111359b80c3"><sup id="superscript-f43e5a16d1ff46b0ab231a301a2383a2">-</sup></bold><bold id="strong-d1d85caf64c74e1d9df49e10d735c3ad"> 2 </bold>concentration in analyzed sample</p>
        <p id="paragraph-88ea38e4c5a6471d893feac3af1b3834">Va = Volume of air sample, m<bold id="strong-27e767c1e7924f698b1795d48f2f864c"><sup id="superscript-784ca488d5f74c3eb58b0734f2b47e7f">3</sup></bold></p>
        <p id="paragraph-cf8f3fdfc12c4f07829a1366e126f326">0.82 = Sampling efficiency</p>
        <p id="paragraph-13674db19a95428b9691fef9af65f61f">D = Dilution factor (D = 1 for no dilution; D = 2 for 1:1 dilution).</p>
        <p id="paragraph-a7394fdddb574c8ca12fc092623e93a5">V<bold id="strong-5cfa57b4fe7e4a72aa68dc3fc8df2ed0"><sub id="subscript-fccd33e71b79456681d93b183fc73d4b">s</sub></bold><bold id="strong-79dda19b3f1b45b8b84e913139c0fdcb"> </bold>= Final volume of sampling solution</p>
        <p id="paragraph-70ced9a15cf54b72975aec4dc2863b22">V<bold id="strong-f7063981093e450c9207202531d3f0d2"><sub id="subscript-99cc8ee020c44e0494bfd9192c25d888">t</sub></bold><bold id="strong-bebbf06047de4fe6a4eb385667eef7ef"> </bold>= Aliquot taken for analysis</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec>
      <title id="title-2efeaaef1a5d46e09f5ef983cf760e63">Results and Discussion</title>
      <p id="paragraph-7d8ab00601f146a2a413c6da4e7f93dc">The results indicate that air quality at J. B Campus, Bangalore University is well within permissible limit but decadal statistical analysis has shown gradual increase in pollutant concentration. Significant increase is observed 2014. </p>
      <p id="p-e002bff5a68f"/>
      <fig id="f-affcdddd204a" orientation="portrait" fig-type="graphic" position="anchor">
        <label>Figure 1 </label>
        <caption id="c-c6586e1e1707">
          <title id="t-37b80d078bb2">Air quality analysis</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic id="g-71836e9d3269" xlink:href="https://typeset-prod-media-server.s3.amazonaws.com/article_uploads/a378aed0-a9a2-4cde-a795-c0bce46c45e6/image/bbb2b770-8a04-48a8-acaa-d61d586ed5aa-uimage.png"/>
      </fig>
      <p id="p-5c13375c5c31"/>
      <p id="paragraph-5f6bec3e47b24ce7a2a327ba0f162867"/>
      <table-wrap id="table-wrap-ff2a2a6724854b19beda9a468a77221d" orientation="portrait">
        <label>Table 1</label>
        <caption id="caption-98f872accc164752b840910569e8f806">
          <title id="title-98672e713f864b109ffbd66a138d13bb">Pollutants concentration</title>
        </caption>
        <table id="table-db57ba619d264f1e83185bf757661478" rules="rows">
          <colgroup/>
          <thead id="table-section-header-d00a46dbc155">
            <tr id="tr-44a514808167">
              <th id="tc-f911577466f5" align="left">
                <p id="p-18951d09df60">
                  <bold id="strong-61f9a52baf564769bd15124573916678">Year</bold>
                </p>
              </th>
              <th id="tc-c80b70782ca5" align="left">
                <p id="p-ead364db8d65"> <bold id="strong-1c762c112cee49bc9ef10f810c7db943">Average SO</bold><bold id="strong-bb0306d936a44f7587882ccfa424c15c"><sub id="subscript-68c66d0bb0e5421d99eb9e1f5635662c">2 µg/m<sup id="superscript-279ac28143b94833ada832e9e315ced9">3</sup></sub></bold></p>
              </th>
              <th id="tc-507c3183b1a6" align="left">
                <p id="p-8ebb97147b44"> <bold id="strong-1bee7913e69f4054ad86c214cb786b25">Average NO</bold><bold id="strong-d1b42bd06a68463eb6dab77e7cd75616"><sub id="subscript-5b14c94e1f4244609e71c53368d4e65a">2</sub></bold> <bold id="strong-c2f4905dc0df4d04b64a3cfed7fda1f4"><sub id="subscript-1a2aa68ad1bd44c7afd2c974ae2d2de3">µg/m<sup id="superscript-ca7072b8559f43be980f7ea16bb083fc">3</sup></sub></bold></p>
              </th>
              <th id="tc-19964fc1df17" align="left">
                <p id="p-fd6853487614"> <bold id="strong-e1f2778ed80c4c34915fd13cd3a0e4d4">Average RSPM</bold> <bold id="strong-ff5638a11c874e69a36da5779a90df34">µg/m</bold><bold id="strong-d2f87d7eb0a64621adbec82324a78373"><sup id="s-4217025a8c38">3</sup></bold></p>
              </th>
              <th id="tc-9e1ce62042fe" align="left">
                <p id="p-40070e05f7ee"> <bold id="strong-c5a2a27ad99c443f9bdf0e768f36cfbf">Average SPM</bold> <bold id="strong-72daf06a804c413bb63a3a0f9050ed1a"><sub id="subscript-ac75ea1861b4496dbefc5b0efcb645ad">µg/m</sub></bold><bold id="strong-f7b85cb216dd490b8279d6637d737cd6"><sup id="s-4efa3fb6682b">3</sup></bold></p>
              </th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody id="table-section-4a6dad3e85cf4c08920a408adc6bd65b">
            <tr id="table-row-4bc4acc55aad4058bce860aea209bba7">
              <td id="table-cell-4a67297f1138479187e4047a5876fed7" align="left">
                <p id="paragraph-c5665460040f4649a72e1e4d56dbdb88"> <bold id="strong-38be181dea104f718bae7c8bc1c10bd1">2010</bold></p>
              </td>
              <td id="table-cell-6130fc24fbae45a3b1a386632b721ec8" align="left">
                <p id="paragraph-d7ff70b8e81e4aa883731def61ea5f6d"> 4.6</p>
              </td>
              <td id="table-cell-6b82996547144c9ca2440ee8b055a586" align="left">
                <p id="paragraph-c1f347253d114ae29246748e2ad137af"> 16.2</p>
              </td>
              <td id="table-cell-d12f05aeac9e4ec8a440925b61dc9457" align="left">
                <p id="paragraph-3d92f1389e8844b897182bef9dafc97e"> 44.1</p>
              </td>
              <td id="table-cell-aea39fc168d14799af2ff5bb89b753bc" align="left">
                <p id="paragraph-e1f959c811c84d44acf5b7e56ecd4677"> 65.9</p>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr id="table-row-0b946d3f144e4d1ba7e3f703cd23eae5">
              <td id="table-cell-7eecd059f9d14509a1b066b4a52f6475" align="left">
                <p id="paragraph-bec13ef8ad7d42cdabe7fb8833d1dada"> <bold id="strong-185a68b859ee40af9cef31fd0b264349">2011</bold></p>
              </td>
              <td id="table-cell-93ae2b8cc4904cdc9516d544c6c7e566" align="left">
                <p id="paragraph-92e55c1a5b3b418f89fc851662d1951a"> 8.1</p>
              </td>
              <td id="table-cell-d1e6614abd6c4261943b1a5148d62d6d" align="left">
                <p id="paragraph-47689a28ca6d4e1cab3140b86021f544"> 18.3</p>
              </td>
              <td id="table-cell-5e2639d40cc5484fba8115f667be755a" align="left">
                <p id="paragraph-b8978606396e4955b2d609926a1a83cb"> 41.9</p>
              </td>
              <td id="table-cell-af989b1d904f468d88b1a3f6ca05aae3" align="left">
                <p id="paragraph-284f124a62104a959b6cefe762c87c4e"> 56.8</p>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr id="table-row-ebce0e859cb84d20bad4ad22093889d3">
              <td id="table-cell-6bfac191458c4a6ca58280ba26f18bc3" align="left">
                <p id="paragraph-b22982735cfb4b76890c78e2e8f91f01"> <bold id="strong-e63f6f62d1894fb682bb1734d904376c">2012</bold></p>
              </td>
              <td id="table-cell-403367729f074fd59c45d21b9d884c1c" align="left">
                <p id="paragraph-c53b77ebd6604e00aa8c00b0dcdcda4e"> 6.6</p>
              </td>
              <td id="table-cell-5a65b4e02d294ea289b847d2357a0bb2" align="left">
                <p id="paragraph-0dd8294ad97b438a910f912c7f2f067f"> 17.2</p>
              </td>
              <td id="table-cell-52eb6e31dc404314bfb7e32d219e86d2" align="left">
                <p id="paragraph-83ef4de78cb7487b9266450c1b695b85"> 40.6</p>
              </td>
              <td id="table-cell-4c817cebf70241f4b60b28b1c509087b" align="left">
                <p id="paragraph-a2b24f20670340f8b59c375426d47f56"> 56.1</p>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr id="table-row-256d3c8c5b5342a4a7e67181a230c03e">
              <td id="table-cell-bab4bc14b5e242d5b1fcb8649bf41ccc" align="left">
                <p id="paragraph-9391dad6cfd4408182f67852948bcc21"> <bold id="strong-4176059752444480a9b27040d079615c">2013</bold></p>
              </td>
              <td id="table-cell-a80c8edc3b4c48bd84b6a52ea4088e56" align="left">
                <p id="paragraph-ef38a21318eb4642bc4c42cdf1f2bd05"> 8.2</p>
              </td>
              <td id="table-cell-d31d7f461bcc4a02bc6a2b4678f84585" align="left">
                <p id="paragraph-d202b587fc6347d0bdd3c52cc568739f"> 18.4</p>
              </td>
              <td id="table-cell-b0653d7abc8b4defaa59f41a5881bd8f" align="left">
                <p id="paragraph-1298448f5c6e4218a16a3d16167ee1e1"> 42.2</p>
              </td>
              <td id="table-cell-1421dc453bd3492e87e708df615cc739" align="left">
                <p id="paragraph-9298c7ad5bc4409ba963628a145e4166"> 56.5</p>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr id="table-row-8bd22a0aa3604f80871c91df3d1859cb">
              <td id="table-cell-5162df2dce8c4a5db6f5eb090a6a3cff" align="left">
                <p id="paragraph-79fe1551886840dfa41e098b0db20ae8"> <bold id="strong-a20a019252854c7484d61f70017d91d4">2014</bold></p>
              </td>
              <td id="table-cell-c9effa05c9df4ad787ab36576fb0ce5f" align="left">
                <p id="paragraph-8193ba23cbd748499fb483673d69ea6e"> 7.7</p>
              </td>
              <td id="table-cell-63bf344a7eb44de690e808fcf28fc7ab" align="left">
                <p id="paragraph-08e4a1de80a74de5afc19d0690278180"> 15.4</p>
              </td>
              <td id="table-cell-832658562e264e77a1d16ca75f3b2898" align="left">
                <p id="paragraph-f2b4dd1e87eb4965a8d11ca7e397ddba"> 47.1</p>
              </td>
              <td id="table-cell-37a676a9ba4d46a593c73aedaafd38ca" align="left">
                <p id="paragraph-bac1d39e001a41dea5bfe2aac4bb7613"> 69.0</p>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr id="table-row-de4618397bee4f079c6cc2dab5217170">
              <td id="table-cell-883a1e4464a74c8d9acd5be88726a157" align="left">
                <p id="paragraph-10a0aa7dda3849fab87efdd819c38852"> <bold id="strong-d4d4990e22a54cc893774223c9e1b971">2015</bold></p>
              </td>
              <td id="table-cell-556c585fdd924eaa9f43fa04ad71c9ff" align="left">
                <p id="paragraph-394fd7ad37f94490a00f1b1325aa45af"> 5.3</p>
              </td>
              <td id="table-cell-000d2ccfd80e455281a605d6f15a23b1" align="left">
                <p id="paragraph-4b764abd39674759871bf1ecc34b0195"> 16.8</p>
              </td>
              <td id="table-cell-0a430298068a4a79a7bd21a04e5bd978" align="left">
                <p id="paragraph-fc635467b0a24b56b1b03ec1c0d70097"> 42.1</p>
              </td>
              <td id="table-cell-527364b5892542b4adcea41284d89638" align="left">
                <p id="paragraph-24b8471e432246e0a265811dcb0e0e30"> 63.9</p>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr id="table-row-134c44e8424849c8804a34d85e2acc40">
              <td id="table-cell-24c2004a27b2482e98a86d95c0d69b69" align="left">
                <p id="paragraph-d15ae67b056a4746ab50f97e45b723a8"> <bold id="strong-78e671b9739e4c71b0e56e84565c6ce5">2016</bold></p>
              </td>
              <td id="table-cell-c7e6d0457d5441d9946ac8296f2d85ae" align="left">
                <p id="paragraph-009412fc36614ac996b9b2babb47d23a"> 4.4</p>
              </td>
              <td id="table-cell-0f83758884c346feb44a5394050a4703" align="left">
                <p id="paragraph-18c535a78a7f4d01966570a236579720"> 15.3</p>
              </td>
              <td id="table-cell-b3ad5bdefaa947639ee173090faa5046" align="left">
                <p id="paragraph-7d4564ff23e146fc811baefe6b906bca"> 40.2</p>
              </td>
              <td id="table-cell-0cabb42fa5e0495e81c5f24556d7a6a4" align="left">
                <p id="paragraph-f5d2491385034682b872d888f26d5289"> 61.3</p>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr id="table-row-1728697dac9e4272b29b8352eb362aa6">
              <td id="table-cell-d044958b02a5489591a6a7a14185c822" align="left">
                <p id="paragraph-77ea0f64a9bd4263855682ca24f696fc"> <bold id="strong-cdb189a318ea420f9a739764a6240806">2017</bold></p>
              </td>
              <td id="table-cell-409e46f4867344c9b959ed9096e55840" align="left">
                <p id="paragraph-61ddb37d095c42458966029dd9cf2720"> 4.6</p>
              </td>
              <td id="table-cell-cbe3cb8cda7b47a082859b8ba281067c" align="left">
                <p id="paragraph-77c279a0206042098c778f219d3324f4"> 11.2</p>
              </td>
              <td id="table-cell-5a5dffe6e7dd41b5bebd0423bcdfd147" align="left">
                <p id="paragraph-06ce6a4e8ad64d928184ad2fba1e55e9"> 25.9</p>
              </td>
              <td id="table-cell-3ec923ae81e445e9ae7172e60569b51a" align="left">
                <p id="paragraph-8f06c6ad657248089001d9df3a764cfc"> 39.5</p>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr id="table-row-bdacf9251676411e9e3ed361402a4b8a">
              <td id="table-cell-5e52849b66a84433b0d94dd79592790f" align="left">
                <p id="paragraph-a4be556cdeab4822b5e9751087cb799e"> <bold id="strong-ed3ee13ae2e9455089d94e0002fed977">2018</bold></p>
              </td>
              <td id="table-cell-c1e44f2b1d75429d9605c727255cd069" align="left">
                <p id="paragraph-84481689dae14fd58c8235887f6e92f2"> 4.1</p>
              </td>
              <td id="table-cell-a11442a36bd94b22b89cc96ede152064" align="left">
                <p id="paragraph-b352a8a8aec941ad81984d6b47585b29"> 14.2</p>
              </td>
              <td id="table-cell-f349f3f46bfd48e5bd09977900636838" align="left">
                <p id="paragraph-ad455a309ef04dc38012bd1786828b42"> 37.7</p>
              </td>
              <td id="table-cell-821852d469e44aacbb7e49ebd7395392" align="left">
                <p id="paragraph-af13ee14968d40cda764a49fd2506645"> 55.2</p>
              </td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
      </table-wrap>
      <p id="paragraph-87bd2dd2446c4654bd06480c91833468"/>
    </sec>
    <sec>
      <title id="title-94e60f47831f435fb08d84d3a057471b">Conclusions</title>
      <p id="paragraph-3ae8a8959283420eaac924d2ed35b963">The statistical analysis clearly indicates the gradual Increase in air pollutant concentration in eco-sensitive area which is surrounded by luxuriant growth of different tree species. Results show annual continual increase from 2010 to 2018. This study will help in understanding assimilative capacity of green cover by proxy values. The level of pollution in city due to point and nonpoint sources is increasing in exponentially, as a result having impact on the Bangalore university bio park an eco-sensitive zone. The result has shown an average increase of 2µg/m<sup id="superscript-279c5795b1ef4f8c90a788dcc5a56751">3</sup> of oxides of sulfur, 4µg/m<sup id="superscript-0079d753053e4259ab5e2b0dc499ae75">3</sup> of 10µg/ m<sup id="superscript-35b5533fef9541df836df948a2a2dbb3">3</sup> of suspended particulate matter respectively. The seasonal levels of particulate matter and oxides of sulfur have shown slight increase in levels during summer and Oxides of Nitrogen levels are high during monsoon  season.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
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</article>
