The socio-economic fabric of the study area demands rural development programmes. Rural people do not have adequate income, employment opportunities. Coupled with illiteracy and ignorance, land under cultivation is not only diminishing but also gets further fragmented and ecology is degraded. Infrastructure facilities do not match with the growth of rural population. In addition, rural population is unorganized. The apathy of the villagers is accentuated by the deep rooted social hierarchy. The village level politics has further deteriorated with the dilution of the spiritual value systems. To elevate the people from these moorings, the only answer is INTEGRATED RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Although man cannot overcome all these limitations, he can always attempt to adapt it to suit his convenience. In this matter of gradual adaptation, man has brought about many changes. In this direction, rural development is the core of development and is a continuous process.

There is a need for integrated development of not only rural people, but also villages. What is more important that the living standards of rural people should be uplifted for pleasant growth: So that all people in rural areas live in harmony, peace and contentment. Each one should be assured of nutritious meal, adequate clothes, clean house in a clean environment, basic education, employment throughout the year, proper roads, adequate supply of drinking water, avenues for cultural progress without any distinction of caste or creed. Hence, rural development programmes are needed for the

The condition of basic social services, such as health care, water and sanitation, education etc. must also be expanded and improved. Economic growth must enable the poor, to engage in the process and benefit from it without devouring the natural resource endowment, on which the prospects of our future generations depends. In Ramanagara district natural resources are not properly utilized and rural Ramanagara district is facing the problems mentioned above. Hence, the study of rural development programmes and its implication is essential.

Kudlur Grama Panchayat is one of the Grama Panchayath of Channapatna taluk of Ramanagara dist. It is approximately 77 kms southwest of Bangalore City. 77⁰, 19’ 29” to 77⁰, 04’ 11” East longitude and 12⁰, 27’ 45” to 12⁰, 48’ 20 Norht latitude is the latitude and longitude extention of the Channapatna Taluk.

Kudlur Grama Panchayth situated in southern part of Channapatna taluk and it is situated about 5 km form the Channapatna Town. Kudlur Grama Panchayat has a 5 villages ( Kudlur, Sante Magenahalli, Sante Magenahalli Doddi, Vale topu, Sriramapura). And this Grama panchayath 1524 family and 3448 population.

The City was ruled by the King Timmapparaja urs and later Jagadevaraya choose it as his Capital city. Channapattana is popular for its wooden toys and lacquer ware. Lacquer ware products include brightly colored wooden toys in various shapes and sizes, door curtains and powder boxes, besides a range of distinctive jewellery.

The uplands are often bare or covered with low scrub jungles and the low lands are dotted with series of irrigation tanks. It represents an uplifted peneplain at an elevation of 900 meters. The surface has been dissected on the western and southern parts of the study unit giving rise to a broken and rugged topography.

At present, some of the streams are highly polluted to an extent that they are no more streams but drains of household sewage and let outs of industrial waste. In some cases the streams are cut off or blocked by constructions.

Figure 1

Towards south the soil is more coarse loamy and coarse loamy silt. Pokey land is found in the south, south-east and east. Towards east, hilly ranges are present. More of clayey and clayey loamy soil is found here. Clayey soil is found in a scattered pattern in central and northern part of Study area. Study area soil is favourable for agriculture except the few rugged terrains.

The climate of the study area is salubrious and very agreeable. It is free from extremes. The climate of the study area is classed as the seasonally dry tropical savanna climate, with four main seasons.

The present study has selected only 1524 household samples in Kudlur Grama Panchayath. Although the study mentions all rural development programmes, it only discusses Kudlur Grama Panchayath.

The present study includes both primary and secondary data. The primary data was collected through survey using questionnaires. The secondary data was collected in the form of books, Journals, Panchayat programmes reports, District Annual Reports, Rural Development Department Reports and Statistical At a Glance (Ramanagara district).

Table 1

Village	Population (2011 Census)
	Male	Female		Total
Kudlur	1438		1530	2968
S.M. Halli	859		1067	1926
S. M. Doddi.	435		430	865
Vale topu	202		215	417
Srirampura	110		130	240

Source: Kudlur gramapanchayaths. (2011)

Figure 2

The Table 1 & Figure 1 shows the population in the selected villages in the Kudlur Grama panchayath. In Kudlur Gram village has 1438 male, 1530 female population, S.M. Halli village has 859 Male & 1067 female population. S.M. Doddi village has 435 Male & 430 female population. Vale topu village has 202 Male & 215 female population. Srirampura village has 110 Male & 130 female population.

In the selected village Kudlur village has highest population and Srirampura village has very low population. In the selected villages female population is dominant.

Table 2

Village	Number of families in caste wise
	General	OBC	SC	ST	Total
Kudlur	02	700	50	08	760
S.M. Halli	02	400	01	02	405
S. M. Doddi.	00	146	30	22	198
Vale topu	00	100	01	0	101
Srirampura	00	57	02	01	60

The Table 2 depicts the caste-wise families in the selected villages in Kudlur gramapanchayath. Caste derived from General, OBC, SC, & ST. In the selected villages OBC is the dominate caste and remaining caste are neglected.

Kudlur village has 02 General, 700 OBC, 50 SC, 08 ST families. S.M.Halli village has 02 General, 400 OBC, 01 SC, 02 ST families, S.M. Doddi village has 00 General, 146 OBC, 30 SC, 22 ST families, Vale topu village has 00 General, 100 OBC, 01 SC, 00 ST families, Srirampura village has 00 General, 57 OBC, 02 SC, 01 ST families.

Figure 3

The Table 2 & Figure 4 depicts male/female family heads in the selected villages in Kudlur Gramapanchayath. Kudlur has 700 male and 60 female, S.M.Halli has 55 male and 05 female, S.M.Doddi has 140 male and 58 female, Vale topu has 80 male and 21 female, Shrirampura has 58 male and 02 female family heads.

Education level of family heads in selected villages in Ramanagara district: Education level derived from 1 to 7^th, 8 to 10^th std, PUC to Degree and Above the graduation level.

Family heads education level in Kudlur is 1 to 7^th level: 270, 8 to 10^th std level: 50, PUC to Degree level: 30 and above the degree level, level: 10. Family heads education level in S.M.Halli is 1 to 7^th level, level: 120, 8 to 10^th std level: 45, PUC to Degree level: 23 and above the degree level, level: 02. Family heads education level in S.M.Doddi is 1 to 7^th level: 60, 8 to 10^th std level: 08, PUC to Degree level, level: 18 and above the degree level level: 02. Family heads education level in Valetopu is 1 to 7^th level: 18, 8 to 10^th std level: 02, PUC to Degree level: 01 and above the degree level, level: 0. Family heads education level in Srirampura is 1 to 7^th level: 50, 8 to 10^th std level: 02, PUC to Degree level: 02 and above the degree level, level: 01.

Improvement in the quality of life of rural people is the important agenda of rural development programme. In India – a country where the number of people living in rural areas, rural development programme is a necessity.

Rural development implies both economic betterment of people and greater social transformation. The basic objective of all rural development endeavors / programmes has been the welfare of the millions. In order to achieve this, planned attempts have been made to eliminate poverty, ignorance and inequality of opportunities. A wide spectrum of programmes has been undertaken so far, to alleviate rural poverty and ensure improved quality of life for the rural population especially those below the poverty line. In the initial phase of planned rural development, the concentration was on sectors of agriculture industry, communication, education and health. The Ministry of Rural Development places importance now on health, education, drinking water, housing and road so that the quality of life in rural areas improves and the fruit of economic reform are shared by all sections of the society.

Based on time with experience, it is realized that accelerated and meaningful development can be achieved only if people of the grass root are involved, “people’s participation” has become the keyword in rural development programmes. The participation of the people is necessary to provide the rural people with better prospects for socio-economic development through the rural development programmes.