Mandya District is one of the most agriculturally prosperous districts in Karnataka. The district is advent with irrigation from the K.R. Sagar reservoir (During 1930’s), there was substantially marked transformation in cropping patterns, composition of crops, better grown yield level, ultimately leading to better economic conditions of the people. Mandya District lies between 12° to 13¹ N, to 13° to 04¹ N Latitude and from 76° to 19¹ E, to 77° to 20¹ E Longitudes. The total geographical area of the district is 4962.44 sq.km. Out of which 2488.25 sq.km form of sown area. More than half of the district total land area in used for agricultural purpose. It’s bordered by Mysore District to the west and southwest, Tumkur District to the northeast, Chamarajanagar District to the south, Hassan District to the northwest and Ramanagar District to the east. The district headquarters is Mandya city. Totally, Mandya District consists of seven taluks, such as, Mandya, Maddur, Malavalli, Srirangapatna, Nagamangala, Krishnaraj pete and Pandavapura, with 32 hoblies, 233 Grama Panchayaths, and 9 towns. District consists of 1478 villages, out of which 1365 inhabited and 113 uninhabited villages. As per 2011 census, the population of the Mandya district is 1,805,769 of which male and female were 9, 05,085 and 9,00,684 respectively (Figure 1).

In 2001 census, Mandya had population of 1763705 of which males were 88304 and 875671 were females. In 2011, total population of the district is 1805769 of which male and female were 905085 and 900684 respectively, i.e., 42060 population is increased in the study region as per the census (Figure 2). Table 1 shows the taluk wise distribution and growth of population in two periods i.e., 2001 and 2011 census. There was change of 2.38 percent in the population compared to population as per 2001. The maximum population growth is seen in Srirangapatna taluk with 10.56% growth rate. So, it is leading in its population growth followed by 4.93% in Krishnarajpet taluk and 4.77% in Pandavapura taluk. In remaining two taluks, the growth rate was below the district average. Slow growth rate of population recorded in Malavalli i.e., 0.52% and -1.51% in Nagamangala taluks. The district is made up of plain lands and exhibits largely dry climatic conditions. But economically the waters of the rivers that flow enrich the districts.

Rural and Urban relationship is an important component of the population. The distribution of Rural and urban ratio in the region is studied to understand the degree of rate of growth of population varying from rural to urban and vice versa (Figure 3). It is assumed that increase in population is largely added by the rural inhabitants rather than urban areas because of illiteracy and non-adaptation of family planning. But because of improvements in the medical facilities, and process of urbanization witnesses increase in the high rate of births in urban areas. Table 2 shows the spatial variation of rural and urban population in 2001-2011 censuses in the Mandya district. In 2001 the decadal variation in urban population slightly increased due to migration from villages to towns in the district and vice versa in rural areas. According to 2011 census, the highest urban population is found in Srirangapatna taluk i.e., 43.85% followed by Maddur, K.R. Pete, Pandavapura and Nagamangala taluks. Mandya taluk registered the lowest urban population with 4.71% and the rural population decreased by -1.50, -0.12 and -2.63% found in Mandya, Malavalli taluk and Nagamangala taluks respectively.

The Density of Population (population per square kilometer) in Mandya District more or less is evenly distributed (Figure 4). The topography of the district has significant effect on the population density distribution. Table 3 shows the taluk wise growth of population density and sex ratio in the district during last two decades. The density of population in the district is 355 person/Km² in 2001 to 364 person/ km² in 2011, which spreads over the 4962 sq.kms area. Among the taluks of the district, Mandya taluk accounts for the largest share 415153 population with the density 582 person/Km², whereas, medium density is observed in the taluks of Pandavapura with 347 person/Km² and lowest is in Nagamangala taluk with 182 person/Km². Mandya, Srirangapatna and Maddur taluk have high density in comparison to other taluks which is due to fertile soil, and good irrigation facility and urbanization and industrial development.

Sex Ratio is an index of the socio-economic condition prevailing in an area and it’s a useful tool for regional analysis (Figure 5). Table 3 shows that taluk wise sex ratio. The average sex ratio was 986 females per 1000 males in 2001. It ranges from a maximum in Nagamangala taluk with 1025 females per 1000 males and Malavalli taluk has the lowest sex ratio with 965 females per 1000 males. But in 2011 Nagamangala taluk was identified with the highest sex ratio, i.e., 1006 females per 1000 males and Malavalli taluk is lowest with 985 females per 1000 males. However, in rural areas the sex ratio is 990 and in urban areas the sex ratio is 967 in 2001. Whereas, in the year 2011 sex ratio in district is 993 in rural areas and 1004 in urban areas respectively. This is because of migration of male population in search of jobs, education etc.