Change in LU/LC patterns help in predicting the main forces driving over global environmental change have impacts on a wide range of environmental attributes such as., water quality, land, air resources, ecosystem processes, climate change through greenhouse gas fluxes and surface albedo effects on all spatial and temporal scales. Globally, the dynamics of land use and land cover (LULC) greatly influence the socioeconomic, biological, and environmental landscapes of many regions. For the purposes of resource management, environmental conservation, and sustainable development, an understanding of these processes is crucial. This study examines the land use and land cover (LULC) patterns in the southern Indian district of Mysuru, considering both national and international trends. With its varied landscapes and rich cultural legacy, the Mysuru District has experienced substantial changes in land cover and use over time. Numerous factors, including population expansion, urbanization, industrialization, agricultural methods, and natural processes, have an impact on these changes. For the purpose of determining if land resources are sustainable, seeing possible environmental issues, and developing practical solutions, it is imperative to track and analyze these dynamics.

This paper's main goal is to perform a thorough examination of the LULC dynamics in Mysuru District between 2018 and 2022. The project attempts to determine patterns, trends, and drivers of land cover change in the region using data from satellite imagery and geographic information system (GIS) tools.

The paper will examine the data collection and analysis technique, show the LULC analysis results, and talk about the ramifications of the findings in the sections that follow. We hope that this thorough analysis will improve our knowledge of the dynamics of land use in the Mysuru District and help to advance sustainable land management techniques.

The Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. (ESRI) contributed Sentinel-2 land cover data, which were integrated into the study's methodology. Detailed analysis of land cover dynamics was made possible by ESRI's remote sensing and GIS software, which made use of high-resolution multispectral imagery obtained by the Sentinel-2 mission. Temporal changes in land cover were discovered and depicted using themed maps created with GIS software through picture classification and change detection techniques. To confirm the classification results and guarantee the accuracy of the results, accuracy evaluations were also carried out. In order to improve data interpretation and offer a clearer understanding of the dynamics of land use and land cover in Mysuru District from 2018 to 2022, graphical representations of the data were used.

Table 1

Years	2018	Percentage(%)	2019	Percentage(%)	2020	Percentage(%)	2021	Percentage(%)	2022	Percentage(%)
Water body	186.27	2.95	204.95	3.25	231.40	3.67	207.23	3.28	241.57	3.83
Vegetation	822.31	13.03	896.69	14.21	1038.39	16.45	890.37	14.11	1152.59	18.26
Agricultural Land	4287.91	67.95	4265.22	67.59	4179.09	66.22	4209.94	66.71	4121.59	65.31
Built up Area	435.27	6.90	452.42	7.17	462.85	7.33	475.44	7.53	486.82	7.71
Shcrubland	579.04	9.18	491.52	7.79	399.06	6.32	527.83	8.36	308.23	4.88
Total	6310.79	100.00	6310.79	100.00	6310.79	100.00	6310.79	100.00	6310.79	100.00

Water Bodies: Over time, the area covered by water bodies varies; it peaks in 2020 (231.40 sq.km) and then declines in 2021 (207.23 sq.km) before increasing once more in 2022 (241.57 sq.km). Changes in precipitation patterns, human activity impacting water resources, and natural variations in water levels can all be responsible for these shifts.

Figure 2

Built-up Area: The area that is built up has gradually increased over time, indicating Mysuru District's infrastructure development and urbanization. This growth (from 435.27 sq. km in 2018 to 486.82 sq. km in 2022) emphasizes the necessity of sustainable urban design techniques as well as the mounting strain on land resources.

All years had the same overall land area of 6310.79 sq.km, guaranteeing the analysis's thoroughness. The dynamic shifts in land cover and use patterns highlight the intricate relationships between manmade and natural processes that shape the Mysuru District's terrain. For the region's environmental conservation efforts, sustainable development, and well-informed decision-making, it is imperative to comprehend these processes.

The percentage distribution of the various land cover classes in the Mysuru District from 2018 to 2022 is shown in Table 1 . Over the course of the research period, the proportions of each land cover class—vegetation, agricultural land, built-up area, shrubland, and water body—show different patterns, illustrating the district's dynamic changes in landscape.

The examination of the dynamics of land use and land cover in Mysuru District from 2018 to 2022 offers important new perspectives on how the area is developing. It is clear from a review of data on shrubland, agricultural land, water bodies, built-up areas, and vegetation that the district has seen dynamic changes in the composition of its land cover, which have been influenced by both natural and human-caused processes. Throughout the course of the study, a few notable trends surfaced. Increases in afforestation and natural regeneration processes may have contributed to the steady rise in vegetation cover, which has improved biodiversity and ecosystem services. On the other hand, changes were seen in shrubland areas, a sign of shifting land use patterns and habitat degradation. The district's importance in food production and the agricultural economy is shown by the stability of its agricultural land area. The steady growth of populated regions, however, draws attention to the strains that infrastructure and urbanization place on available land, underscoring the significance of sustainable urban planning techniques in reducing negative environmental effects. The dynamic character of hydrological processes and the requirement for efficient water resource management techniques are highlighted by the variations seen in water body areas. In order to solve issues with water security and guarantee the sustainability of water resources in the area, it is crucial to comprehend these processes. To sum up, the results of this investigation offer significant perspectives for decision-makers, scholars, and interested parties engaged in land administration and ecological preservation in the Mysuru District. Making educated decisions to support sustainable development, protect biodiversity, and conserve the environment for future generations can be accomplished by identifying and comprehending the factors that influence changes in land use and land cover. To track changes, evaluate repercussions, and modify management measures in response to changing environmental conditions and socioeconomic dynamics, ongoing study and monitoring are required.