The Mandya Taluk lies between North latitude 12^o 44' 42.6'' to 12^o 25' 50.7'' and East longitudes 76^o 42' 05.6'' to 77^o 0' 22.9'' falling in the survey of India degree sheet Nos -57 H and 57D. The total geographical area of the Taluk is 705 km2. The taluk is divided into one town and 175 villages distributed around the Mandya city. The soils in Mandya taluk are thin gravelly and underlain with marram zone containing weathered rock. The soils are highly leached and poor in bases. The taluk enjoys a sub-tropical climate with temperatures ranging between 160 and 350 C. April is the hottest month and with the onset of southwest monsoon in June, the temperature drops considerably. December is the coldest month. The rainfall is generally uniform in the district except in the western sector where it is slightly higher.

• To Analyse the Land use /Land Cover Changes in Mandya Taluk.

The Mandy taluk images (years 1995, 2005, and 2018) of the study area were then classified using a Maximum likelihood algorithm, nonparametric parallelepiped classifier in ERDAS Imagine software. The training data collected from various training sites are applied to the entire image during image classification processes. Multi-spectral pixels of the study area were classified and mapped into four broad land cover classes i.e., (1) Waterbody (2) Open space (3) Agriculture area, and (4) Urban or built-up land. The accuracy of the classified map was assessed by randomly taking 50 points by using Google Earth software on the reference image. The accuracy assessment was computed using user, producer, overall, and Kappa (Khat/K) statistics. Finally, the resultant classified images were vectored using the raster to vector conversion tool with Arc GIS software.

Agriculture Area is the main part of this area. This area coverage of the Irrigated and non-irrigated or other agricultural lands, it is a rain-fed area. Agricultural land we classified into two divisions. One is Irrigated land and the other one is non-irrigated land or other agricultural lands. The irrigated land is located in mainly the Cauvery river basin area Shimsha river basin area. The irrigated facility land is available in this area for cultivation. The area available for Agriculture land is 636.173 km2 in the year 1995. After 1995 year the Agriculture land is decreased. In the year 2005, the Agriculture land is 613.236 km2 available for Agriculture. After the 2005 year, Agriculture land is decreased. In the year 2016, the Agriculture land is 579.920 km2 available for Agriculture. The mainly this type of land is visible in Shimsha river basin system. 636.173 km2 area has Agriculture land. This land has from 1995 to up to present it is decreased. This area of 579.920 km2 has been covered in 82.168 % of the total area.

The land use category in the Mandya taluk is the main category of the taluk. In the year 1995, the built-up or urban land is 35.234 km2. This much area was used for urban and settlement purposes. The mainly Mandya city is the best development in the entire taluk. After 2005 the urban land is increased. The satellite imagery shows the changes in inbuilt and urban land. In the year 1995 is 35.234 km2. After this year in the 2005 year, this land is 59.764 km2 are used for urban and development purpose. After this year in the 2018 year, this land is 103.728 km2 are used for urban and development purposes. The modernization and urbanization is the main intention of increase by the built-up land and settlements.

Figure 2

The settlement is showing from the Mysore to Bangalore main state highway road is improved area of the taluk. From the starting Mandya is depending upon the Mysore for the all economical activities and after the years it is improved in the agriculture field.

Open space island of limited ability to support life and in which less than one-third of the area has vegetation or other coversMandya taluk land use category. Ti2005 year, this land is 21.796 km2 no use for any cultivation and development purpose. After the year 2018 year, this land is 11.843 km2 no use for any cultivation and development purpose. previous years this kind of land is available in huge quantity, after then it is decreased. Because it is converted to agricultural land use and urban area. The 2018 year this land is 11.843 km2 is nonuser of any purpose. When neither the former nor the future use can be discerned and the area is obviously in a state of land-use transition, it is considered to be Open space, to avoid inferential errors.

The water body is very important in this study. Water is a very important thing in the biophysical world. Mandya taluk has several water resources. It is mainly depending on the Shimsha river and they meet the water requirements of the taluk The delineation of water areas depends on the scale of data presentation and the scale and resolution characteristics of the remote sensor data used for interpretation of land use and land cover.